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Denunciar este documento. Marcar por contenido inapropiado. Descargar ahora. Carrusel anterior Carrusel siguiente. Buscar dentro del documento. Una cita final. Documentos similares a El Reino de Este Mundo. Fernanda Canceco. Soraya Roa Figueroa. Cecilia Suarez. Alfonso Henriques. Daniel Calderon. Jose Valencia Bravo. Roberto Zuheros Perez. The scene of the murder of Mademoiselle Floridor thus serves to demonstrate that the Haitian Revolution had repercussions in the region while revealing the constant struggle of the social classes that dominates its history.

Thus the Revolution is recognized as the moment in history when the social system of colonial Saint-Domingue broke down and a black Haitian Republic was put in its place. After the brutal event, the author shows that the rebellion and the act of braking down the institution of slavery left behind savagery and violence. This atmosphere of aggression that began with the rebellion of as depicted in the novel continued to affect Haitian history.

Therefore, the Republic is based on the foundation of violence as in the early days after the rebellion of , where terror was an important part of the early days. Carpentier shows that the brutality of the Republic is represented by Henri Christophe, the new king. He is Haitian and is enslaving his own people for the sake of building the palace of Sans-Souci. Thus, the social structure prevalent during colonial times is reinstituted in the Republic.

Under the domination of the Republic headed by Henri Christophe, the citizens now function as a massive labor force that endures the hardship of a free life characterized by the vestiges of slavery. In the Republic, the force labor that the Haitians endure under Christophe is ironic for the fact that he was himself a former slave.

Whereas the role of the head and, more importantly, the brain of this body, the king or government institution, is to maintain the society. Within the social system of the Republic, the citizens are meant to carry out their roles and be part of the system that they help to create.

This condition of oppression thus allows Carpentier to make Ti Noel become a representative of the everyman-experience, 61 since he provides a perspective that permits the reader to see that history consists of cycles where social systems repeat themselves in a fatalistic way. This fatalistic pattern that is a byproduct of the violence inherent in the development of the Republic shows that man bears the burden of history,62 which is meant to repeat itself.

Conversely, the establishment of the Republic as depicted by Carpentier is a! Therefore, the narrative of El reino de este mundo turns into a fatalistic depiction of the aftermath of the Revolution where the former slaves attempt to copy the European model of society that they overthrow. However, the Revolution in historical terms dismantles European colonialism and the institution of slavery, but fails in the establishment of an autonomous socio-political identity as represented by the Republic.

Then within the novel Carpentier shows that the slaves where successful at braking down the social system of colonialism, but unsuccessful at braking the institution of slavery, since it repeated itself under the rule of Henri Christophe in the Republic. This duality of the success and failure! Therefore, can be seen that in history the society of man is based on the exploitation of yet another fellow man.

To understand this concept of the domination of man by man is useful to turn to the conception of society as put forth by Jean-Jacques Rousseau on Emile: or, On Education Man, according El reino de este mundo is meant to struggle to gain freedom and succeed in only having half the reward, since he himself is made by halves.

However, once they have gained it the Republic reinstates the institution it over through making slavery part of the social structure of the free nation. Despite the failure of the Republic, in the history of Latin America and the Caribbean, Haiti is recognized as the first black nation in the region, and likewise its historical achievement is depicted in literary works like El reino de este mundo.

Its path from a French slave colony to a republic was marked by the rebellion set into motion by Haitian slaves and this rebellion later became part of the larger event of the Revolution. The Revolution sought to achieve the emancipation of the slaves, while overturning the colonial system and establishing a free nation in its place.

According to Carpentier, despite the achievement of the Haitian slaves, the Republic failed as a political and economic endeavor. Politically, the Republic was modeled on the! Economically, Haiti failed since it did not maintain its status as the top producer of sugar in the world at that time and other factor that will not be discussed in this paper.

The success of the Revolution and the failure of the new Republic left a vacuum that Cuba sought to fill. Ferrer argues that Cuba as a Caribbean nation with an African population was in the shadow of Haiti. In Cuba, as in Haiti, the institution of slavery would be overturned with a revolution, but in the case of the Cuban Revolution of October 10, the revolutionary efforts were led initially by a handful of white men.

In this case, Cuba was a nation founded on the idea of a racially blind nation where the people identified themselves as Cuban. Despite the differences in their conceptualization of their freedom, both nations sought to assert their social, political, and economic autonomy.

Conclusion As has been discussed over the course of this paper, Haiti exemplifies how the region of Latin America and the Caribbean was subject to European exploitation, while dealing with prolonged and stunted economic development and socio-political unrest. This state of unrest brought about the Haitian Revolution and likewise the Revolution Era This search for autonomy in the region would be reflected in the cultural movements of the second half of the twentieth century, especially in literature.

In literature, the authors of Latin America and the Caribbean sought to create a literary style of their own: magical realism that took hold from to The genre allowed Latin American authors to embed history into literature to examine the socio-political undertones that lead to historical events like the Haitian Revolution.

In this context, Alejo Carpentier can be seen to have reinterpreted the historical events of the Revolution through the use of the literary style that he called lo real maravilloso, first used in El reino de este mundo This cultural interest is carried over into El reino de este mundo, where he presents a fatalistic portrayal of the history of the region.

In the novel and in the musicology compilation, Carpentier shows how the region! This cultural identity was used by the Haitian slaves as a means to rebel against the institution of slavery and gain sovereignty. Thus, Carpentier in both works reveals the cultural, socio-economic, political, and historical context of the Revolution and shows the inevitable path of history that he sought Haiti was meant to follow.

Carpentier uses lo real maravilloso in the novel to critique the fatalistic development of history. Carpentier thus explores the themes of racial divide, the justification for the institution of slavery, the desire of the slaves for autonomy, the rise of the rebellion Haitian Revolution , and the fatalistic collapse of the Haitian Republic in El reino de este mundo.

Lastly, the ramifications of the Haitian Revolution on Latin America and the Caribbean in relation to the Cuban Revolutions have been considered as well as the historical connections between Haiti and Cuba. Magic Realism: Social Context and Discourse. New York: Garland Pub. Barroso, Juan. Miami, FL: Ediciones Universal, Brotherston, Gordon.

The Emergence of the Latin American Novel. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, Carpentier, Alejo. El reino de este mundo. Tientos y diferencias. Montevideo: Arca, Chasteen, John Charles. New York: W.

Norton, Cohn, Deborah. Web 1 Oct. Cohn, Deborah N. Nationalism During The Cold War. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, Cooper, Anna Julia, and Frances Richardson. Slavery and the French Revolutionists: Lewiston: N. Dash, J. Academic Search Complete.

Duncan, Cynthia. Philadelphia: Temple UP, Alejo Carpentier, the Pilgrim at Home. Cuban Fiestas. New Haven: Yale UP, Ferrer, Ada. Insurgent Cuba: Race, Nation, and Revolution, Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina, Durham: Duke UP, Foran, John. Academic OneFile. Las damas del Cabo se mofaron del edicto del difunto Leclerc, dispo- niendo que "las mujeres blancas que se hubiesen prostituido con negros fuesen devueltas a Francia, cualquiera que fuese su rango".

Ganaban batallas quienes tuvieran dioses guerreros que invocar. Por fin ciertos asuntos de vivos y de muertos empezaban a tratarse en familia. Aunque marcado por dos hierros, Ti Noel era un hombre libre. De pronto el negro se detuvo, respirando hondamente. La hacienda toda estaba hecha un erial atravesado por un camino.

Estaba hablando con las hormigas cuando un ruido inesperado le hizo volver la cabeza. En un patio, dos cocheros de librea daban esponja a una carroza enor- me, totalmente dorada, cubierta de soles en relieve.

Pero nadie le hizo caso. Le entregaron un ladrillo. Hacia el mar, dominando el vertiginoso panorama de la Llanura, los obreros enyesaban ya las estancias de la Casa Real, los departamentos de mujeres, los comedores, los billares. Cuando Ti Noel hubo dejado su ladrillo al pie de una muralla era cerca de media noche. Era como si en una misma casa los hijos pegaran a los padres, el nieto a la abuela, las nueras a la madre que cocinaba.

Dos aromos, al caer, sacaron a la luz un trozo de pared. Bajo las hojas de un calabazo silvestre reaparecieron las baldosas azules del comedor de la hacienda. La ciudad es buena. En la ciudad, una rama ganchuda encuentra siempre cosas que meter en un saco que se lleva al hombro. Y es que nadie hubiera tenido la audacia siquiera, de comentar lo que estaba ocurriendo. Porque aquel capuchino que estaba empare- dado en el edificio del Arzobispado, sepultado en vida dentro de su oratorio, era Cornejo Breille, duque del Anse, confesor de Henri Christophe.

Entonces fue cuando Ti Noel pudo echar algunas cosas dentro de su saco, consiguiendo de un marino borracho las monedas suficientes para beberse cinco vasos de aguardiente, uno encima del otro. Eso era lo importante: a un rey. Sicut cinnamonum et balsamum aromati- zans odorem dedi: quasi myrrah electa dedi suavi- tatem odoris. Pero ya se daba comienzo al Ofertorio. Los burros eran espantados al monte bajo una lluvia de palos. Los caba- llos eran amordazados para evitar malas interpretaciones de relin- chos.

Con la camisa abierta, el rey fue subido a sus habitaciones. Las princesas Atenais y Amatista lloraron en el escote de la institutriz norteamericana. Era la hora del relevo de la guar- dia. Los oficiales corrieron con el sable en claro. Se dispararon tiros al aire. Luego, fue la calma del atarde- cer, con la remota queja de un pavo real.

La ausencia de cortesanos, de laca- yos, de guardias, daba una terrible vaciedad a los corredores y es- tancias. Una mariposa nocturna giraba en la sala del consejo. El palacio estaba desierto, entregado a la noche sin luna.

Se detuvo frente al dosel que ostentaba sus armas. Sobre una banderola se redon- deaba en pliegues de drapeado el Dios, mi causa y mi espada. Un horizonte de truenos que se estrechaba. Ultima Ratio Regum. En ese momento se incendiaron los espejos del palacio, las lunas,.

Los pajes aparecieron en el um- bral de la sala. De pronto, muchas luces comenzaron a correr dentro del edificio. El mar clareaba hacia la isla de la Tortuga cuando las cadenas del puente levadizo corrieron con ruido siniestro sobre la piedra. Ahora, en medio del patio de armas, los fugitivos narraban su gran desgracia al gobernador de la fortaleza.

A brincos, a resbalones, cayendo, rodando, se arrojaron por los senderos del monte, buscando atajos para llegar cuanto an- tes a Sans—Souci.

Por ello desaparecieron primero su vientre y sus muslos. Los brazos y las botas siguieron flotando, como in- decisos, en la grisura movediza de la mezcla. Las mil campanas de la urbe repicaban con pereza inhabitual bajo un cielo sin nubes que recordaba los cielos de la Llanura de enero.